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Juice Plus

History

NSA was founded in 1970 and before the introduction of Juice Plus in 1993, was known for other multilevel-marketed as water filters, air filters, fire protection equipment, and educational games for preschoolers. Naturopath Humbart "Smokey" Santillo is credited with having developed the Juice Plus utritional ONCEPT and philosophy and the creation of what has been described as the riginal formula for the product. According to Santillo who has also worked with the NSA to develop other Juice Plus.

Early claims that an association may have existed between Juice Plus and Sciences of America, Inc. (USAI), a multilevel marketing company that sells vitamin supplements with illegal claims that could prevent many diseases, are misleading, since the actions state and federal USAI conducted business in 1987, long before the Juice Plus was introduced in 1993.

The primary products in the line of Juice Plus is "Orchard Blend "(a fruit juice powder-based vitamin supplement) and" Garden Blend "(vegetable juice powder-based) capsules, which are sold together supplies in four months at a cost in 2009 of approximately $ 167 USD. Other products Juice Plus line include "Mixing Vineyard" (grape / juice berry-base powder) capsules, "Juice Plus Complete" (meal replacement powder), and "chewy." Products no longer mentioned on the website the company include "Gummies", chewable tablets, wafers ("Juice also thins") and a formulation of vitamins for dogs and cats.

Manufacturing

The main ingredients mixing Juice Plus Garden Blend capsules and Garden (vegetables and fruits juices, fibers, enzymes vegetables, food and assets) are reduced to powder through a patented process by a provider not related, and then mixed and encapsulated by producing the product NAI end. Juice Plus capsules with pure-carotene nriched ascorbic acid, vitamin E and folic acid. According to the manufacturer that are added to restore the levels of micronutrients lost during the process and ensure uniformity.12] Two studies sponsored by NAI to mention that the powders of fruits and vegetables in Juice Plus include standardized levels natural resource-carotene derived from Dunaliella salina and soy d - tocopherol (vitamin E), which are supplied by the Henkel Corporation (now doing business Cognis Corporation), and ascorbic acid derived from acerola cherries, which is supplied by Schweizerhall Pharma.

Sale

In addition, the juice products are sold by individual distributors who receive sales commissions ranging from 6% (five for the registration of customers in 30 days) 14% (twenty for enrolling customers in 30 days). Detailed sales figures for Juice Plus is not available to the public, but representatives of the NSA Juice Plus was said monthly sales of $ 6 million in 1993 and was the product of the most successful company.

Product Research

Associates National Juice Plus state security as the closest thing to eating fruits and vegetables, which contain the essence of 17 different utritional fruits, vegetables and grains of key phytonutrients that are absorbed the body, reduces oxidative stress, promotes cardiovascular health, supports a healthy immune system and helps protect DNA. However, multiple studies have produced conflicting results as to the truth of these assertions. Concerns have been raised about the benefits of Juice Plus announced by the Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer University of California at Berkeley, Center for Science in the Public Interest, and other sources. The product has been criticized on the basis that: their marketing is not supported by research data, which contains very little fruit and vegetable powder to offer significant clinical benefits, their effects can be attributed to the inclusion Added vitamins and micronutrients exogenous, and is over priced compared to its potential benefits. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Clinic refers to supplement Juice Plus ISTRIBUTED Ricey is through a marketing plan at various levels with exaggerated value and cost. "

In the peer-reviewed published studies on the products Juice Plus, seven were funded and / or written by the manufacturer, Natural Alternatives International (NAI), five were funded by the main distributor, NSA, two were funded individual juice more distributors, and one was conducted independently.

Nutrients and phytochemicals

Juice Plus + contains a variety of nutrients original native fruit, vegetables and grains used in the manufacture of capsules, made by a patented process. Fruits and vegetables contain many nutrients and phytochemicals, including vitamin C, other essential micronutrients, beta-carotene and lesser-known compounds such as polyphenols and other carotenoids.

Concern has been expressed that these nutrients in Juice Plus + capsules can not be bioavailable, ie not effectively absorbed by the human body, and that some of nutrients claimed to be the products can not be present in significant amounts. Studies on the absorption of nutrients showed that subjects who took Juice Plus they had high blood levels of folic acid and carotene, but the effects on blood levels of vitamin E and vitamin C were inconsistent. Some studies have shown a significant increase in levels of vitamin E and C, while other studies have shown a much weaker effect of vitamin E and C levels, and that levels of vitamin E and vitamin C has not increased significantly. Juice Plus has been found to increase blood levels of lycopene in several studies, while other studies have indicated that Juice Plus does not raise blood levels of phytochemicals lycopene and other fruit and vegetables such as lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin y.

Have also been raised about the accuracy of labeling. Three studies involving chemical analysis of Juice Plus have indicated the amounts of nutrients that differ from the amounts indicated in the product labels.

In December 2007, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a complaint for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for marketing of NSA Juice Plus Orchard alt Mix and Garden Blend capsules because the products appear to be adulterated and mislabeled. CSPI said it was oncerned they say about the products, the closest thing to fruits and vegetables can lead consumers to believe that the pills come closer the real fruits and vegetables is probably the case. "According to the CSPI, the labels say that the capsules contain high levels of vitamins A and C and folic acid natural, but not to disclose or that these vitamins and minerals are added to the capsules during the nutrients and are unique features of the original fruit and vegetable.

Registered dietitian Fudeko T. Maruyama and nutritional education specialist Mary P. Clarke of Kansas State University said the promotional literature Juice Plus, considered as a whole food concentrate, is a carefully crafted mixture of incorrect, misleading advertising of health and non-scientific jargon and concluded that uICE And you probably will not hurt, but it can affect your pocket. "

Others have provided similar assessments skeptical Juice Plus +. However, from 2008, the Juice Plus homepage still advertises that the products are the closest thing to fruits and vegetables.

In November 2007, the Complaints Resolution Panel of the Therapeutic Goods Administration Advertising Code Council ruled that statements on juice NSA website also constitute a violation of Australia Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code. According to the panel, the message of Lear in the ads was that Juice Plus tablets / capsules quivalent fruit and vegetables and juice onsuming more tablets that help Australians to consume the recommended portions 5.7 of fruits and vegetables. NSA was sanctioned by the Council to withdraw any representations that the products re equivalent to fruits and vegetables and its consumption can help in the implementation of the recommendations related to dietary fruit and vegetables.

Antioxidant activity

In vitro antioxidant activity of polyphenols (which exist in capsules Juice Plus) exaggerates what is likely negligible in vivo antioxidant activity after oral ingestion and digestion. NSA, however claims that Juice Plus is an antioxidant effective, citing a study that showed a 75% reduction in lipid peroxidation (a marker of oxidative stress) in patients who took Juice Plus 7 to 28 days. Other studies have also reported the reduction of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation. These three studies were not blinded or placebo-controlled were small (in one case no more than 15), and not include the supervision or control of food intake of participants. Other studies in conditions rigorous, ie, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and in duration and with more subjects, found no significant reduction in the peroxidation lipids, DNA oxidation, or other markers of oxidative stress.

A study that measured antioxidant activity in vitro, found that 1 g of Juice Plus Orchard Blend / Garden Blend powder (500 mg each combined) had the corresponding antioxidant capacity to approximately 10 g (fresh weight) of fruit or vegetable amounting to 30 g (about one third of a serving) of four capsules.

Jim Sears, pediatrician and Juice Plus distributor / spokesperson who co-hosts talk-show television morning the doctors said in a February 27, 2009 episode of cancer that Juice Plus SPLA struggle. However, in October 2009, Dr. Barrie R. Cassileth, President and Chief of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said that although ggressively Juice Plus is promoted to cancer patients based on claims of antioxidant effects, it should not be taken by patients because it can interfere with chemotherapy or be considered a substitute fruits and vegetables.

Cardiovascular system

Several studies have examined the effects of Juice Plus capsules in the biochemical parameters associated cardiovascular function, again with conflicting results. In October 2009, Dr. Barrie R. Cassileth, President and Chief Medical Comprehensive Cancer Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said the results of studies on Juice Plus plasma homocysteine levels were not reproducible, and that studies on cardiovascular effects, as blood pressure and cholesterol, were inconclusive.

The effects of Juice Plus in the blood levels of homocysteine have been reported in the next five studies in all subjects with normal homocysteine levels (15 mol / L). An initial study, which was not double blind or placebo controlled, reported a decrease 37% in homocysteine levels in subjects taking Juice Plus. More rigorous studies, including three who were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled found that homocysteine levels were not reduced or reduced to a much lower than initially reported.

Two randomized, double-blind, controlled with placebo have examined the effect of Juice Plus on serum cholesterol and LDL levels. One study found that Juice Plus does not have significant effects, and another found a slight decrease in cholesterol (6%) and LDL (9%) in subjects who Orchard / Garden of fusion, but not the reduction of subjects taking Juice Plus Viña mix, too.

One study reported that a combined regimen of Orchard Blend juice addition and significantly decreased the Garden Blend impaired brachial artery vasoactivity caused by a high-fat meal in healthy subjects. The addition of the mixture vineyard this regime had no additional effect on brachial artery vasoactivity and led to an increase in total cholesterol and LDL compared with Orchard Mix / Mix Garden alone. This study also found that there Juice Plus no effect on blood pressure.

In a randomized controlled crossover study with placebo in overweight insulin-resistant adults, 8 weeks supplementation with Juice Plus unaltered effect on vascular endothelial function, serum insulin, blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol or cholesterol LDL.

Immune System

A non-randomized, unblinded, uncontrolled in elderly cigarette smokers and smokers did not examine the effects of the mixture Juice Plus Orchard and Garden Blend 9, immunological parameters, including T cells stimulates production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-and IFN-) and activity of various immune cells (peripheral blood monocytes, natural killer [NK] cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells). Juice Plus significantly increased the proliferation of peripheral blood monocytes and cytotoxicity of NK cells in non-smokers but not smokers, and increased in vitro IL-2 by stimulated monocytes in both smokers and nonsmokers. Juice Plus had no significant effect on cell counts (NK cells, the cells T-helper or cytotoxic T cells) or in levels of IL-6, TNF-, or IFN-in either smokers or nonsmokers. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center noted several flaws with this study, including that it had no placebo control and unblinded, the results do not necessarily correlate with an overall increase immunity, and it would have been information had been measured clinical parameters, as if fewer patients became sick.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of mixing & Garden Juice Plus Garden Blend in the count of T cells, cytokine production of lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers, and the incidence of disease in healthy subjects. The percentage of circulating CD3 + T cells and CD3 + T cells did not change significantly in subjects taking Juice Plus however, the end of the supplementation period, subjects took the supplement had a significantly higher percentage of CD3 + T cells (7.2%) compared placebo (5.4%). IFN-produced by stimulated lymphocytes in vitro was reduced in the Juice Plus (68%) and placebo (41%), but the reduction was statistically significant only in the group Juice Plus. Levels of other cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, TGF-) were unchanged and Juice Plus had no significant effect on the incidence and symptoms of the disease or EBV antibody titers.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 28-week examined the effect of Juice Plus (two capsules each Orchard Blend a mixture of garden and vineyard blend per day) of cytokines (eg IL-6 and TNF-) levels and the incidence of the disease. Subjects taking Juice Plus had lower levels of TNF-than the placebo group at later in the study (weeks 16 and 28), but overall the effect was not statistically significant. Juice Plus was found to have a significant effect on the levels of IL-6 or in the incidence of the disease during the course of the study.

Adverse effects

Adverse effects of Juice Plus have been mentioned in all three studies, none of which was randomized, blinded or placebo controlled. No tracking of adverse events reported in the juice of other publications more studies. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center said in a study, some subjects taking Orchard Blend and Garden Blend developed a hive-like rash. Another study in 2000 reported adverse events (upper respiratory tract, urinary and musculoskeletal) in approximately third of the participants taking the product for 7 days. These events resolved spontaneously and is considered unlikely to have resulted from the use of Juice Plus. In a third study from 2007, some subjects withdrew due to gastrointestinal problems possibly caused by the regime of Juice Plus (a combination Orchard Blend, Garden Blend and Vineyard Blend.)

Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation

The Juice Plus Foundation Children's Research, founded in 1997, is a non-profit medical research (NTEE Code H99) whose stated goal is to initiate and / or support programs that promote the principle that improved nutrition leads to healthy lifestyle and overall better health in children. The foundation is chaired by the directors of the National Security Association and operates from the headquarters of the company in Memphis, Tennessee. In FY 2007, most of the funds donated the foundation disbursed to the Volunteers of America (religious organization, social welfare) and the Boys and Girls Clubs of Memphis.

As 2009, scientific research has been published by the Foundation. Foundation website shows the results of a survey of current customers (The Juice Plus Study Children's Health), suggesting a link between the consumption of Juice Plus and an overall improvement in diet and lifestyle. The University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter and Dr. Stephen Barrett of MLM Watch survey question scientific value, and the claim that the Foundation is being used primarily as a marketing gimmick to get families to buy Juice Plus. JPCRF Quackwatch includes among its list of questionable research organizations (eg organizations formed by promoters of questionable health products to exaggerate its effectiveness).

References

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↑ ab "Product Testimonials How to break the rules." Consumer Reports. Accessed 15/10/2006.

^ "Marketing - education is a new game of the NSA." The Commercial Appeal (NewsLibrary.com). June 30 1991.

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^ Link] "the spring of 2007 the NSA Speakers Convention"]. NSA-convention.com. link]. Accessed 15/09/2007.

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↑ ab Barrett, Stephen. "Rise and Fall of United Sciences of America." MLM Watch. http://www.mlmwatch.org/04C/USA/usa.html. Accessed on 27/07/2007.

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^ Schardt, David (December 2007). "Lost in translation: why fruit and vegetable juices real shock, dust, and purees" (pdf). Nutrition Healthletter Action. Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). http://www.cspinet.org/nah/12_07/special.pdf. Accessed on 11/03/2008.

^ "The disadvantages of Juice Plus. "Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 24 (6): S1, 4. 2006. ISSN 1526-0143.

Ab ↑ Schontz, Lori (January 15, 2007). "Shortcuts passes nutritional benefits of eating the real thing." St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Plotnick GD ^ Abcdef, Corretti MC, Vogel RA, Hesslink R, Wise JA (May 2003). "Effect of supplemental phytonutrients on impairment of brachial flow-mediated vasoactivity after a single blood-fat meal." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41 (10): 17,449. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097 (03) 00302-4. PMID 12767658.

^ Abcdefg Kiefer I, Prock P, Lawrence C, et al. (June 2004). "Supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates serum antioxidants and folate in healthy adults." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23 (3): 20,511. PMID 15190044. http://www.jacn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15190044.

^ ABCDEFGHIJ Smith MJ, Inserra PF, Watson RR, Wise JA, O'Neill KL (1999). "Supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts may decrease DNA damage in lymphocytes peripheral blood of an elderly population. "Nutr Res 19 (10): 150,718. doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317 (99) 00107-4.

^ Abcde Inserra PF, Jiang S, D Solkoff, Lee J, Zhang Z, Xu M, Hesslink R, Reyes J, Watson RR (1999). "The immune function of elderly smokers and nonsmokers improves during supplementation extracts of fruits and vegetables, "Integr Med 2 (1): .. 310 doi: 10.1016/S1096-2190 (99) 00010-4.

ABCDEFGHIJKLM ^ Samman S, Sivarajah G, Man JC, Ahmad ZI, Petocz P, Caterson ID (July 2003). "A concentrated blend of fruits and vegetables increases plasma antioxidant vitamins and folate and lowers plasma homocysteine in men. "The Journal of Nutrition 133 (7): 218893. PMID 12840177. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12840177.

^ Abcdef Bloomer RJ, Goldfarb AH, McKenzie MJ (June 2006). "The response to oxidative stress than aerobic exercise: comparison of antioxidant supplements." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 38 (6) 1098105. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000222839.51144.3e. PMID 16775552.

^ Abcdefgh Nantz MP, Rowe CA, Nieves C, Percival SS (October 2006). "Immunity and antioxidant capacity in humans is enhanced by the consumption of nuts, encapsulated and vegetable juice concentrate" The Journal of Nutrition 136 (10) .. PMID 16988134 http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view 260,610. = Pmid = 16988134 long.

^ M Canham (2000). "U. Utah student uses gummy bears in the investigation. "Daily Utah Chronicle (Research long). http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-25571410.html. Accessed the 15/09/2007.

^ Abcdefghijk Kawashima A, Madarame T, Koike H, Komatsu Y, Wise JA (2007). "Four weeks supplementation with mixed fruit and juice vegetable concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects "Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 16 (3): .. PMID 17704021 41121.

^ Abc Lamprecht H, K Oettle, Schwaberger G, P Hofmann, JF Greilberger (December 2007). "Several indicators of oxidative stress, immunity, disease and improvement in the trained men who consumed juice concentrate powder encapsulation 28 weeks of "The Journal Nutrition 137 (12 ):... PMID 18029492 http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18029492 273,741.

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^ "Multivitamin / Review Product: comparison tables of the ingredients. "laboratory use. 2006.

^ "CSPI juice capsules objectives." The Tan Sheet (FDC Reports) 15 (051). December 17, 2007.

^ [Http: / / 152.91.62.50/eventsdiary/ah04/speakers_rosemary_stanton.cfm [Broken] "Dr. Rosemary Stanton OAM. "] Government of Australia, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Http://152.91.62.50/eventsdiary/ah04/speakers_rosemary_stanton.cfm [Broken]. Accessed the 16/09/2007.

^ "Juice Plus Report 19-0607 (04/10/2007)." Complaints Resolution Panel, Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code Council. http://www.tgacrp.com.au/index.cfm?pageID=13&special=complaint_single&complaintID=980. Accessed on 07/09/2008.

^ RJ Williams, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C (April 2004). "Flavonoids: antioxidants molecules or signaling?". Free radical biology and medicine 36 (7): 83,849. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001. PMID 15019969.

^ Frei, B.. "Controversy: What are the biological functions of super-truth antioxidants? ". Http://www.npicenter.com/anm/templates/newsATemp.aspx?articleid=23667&zoneid=273. Retrieved December 30, 2009.

^ "The Doctors episode synopsis ". http://www.thedoctorstv.com/main/show_synopsis/178?section=synopsis. Retrieved October 30, 2009.

Ab ↑ Cassileth B (2009). "Juice Plus". Oncology 23 (11). http://www.cancernetwork.com/cme/article/10165/1480724.

^ De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Gregorio G, H Lange, Chiariello M (November 2005). "Homocysteine and its effects on in-stent restenosis." Circulation 112 (19): e30711. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.573923. PMID 16275872.

^ Freedman JE (May 2003). "Diets high in fat and cardiovascular disease: Are nutritional supplements useful?." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41 (10): 17,502. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097 (03) 00303-6. PMID 12767659.

^. Yale-Griffin research center Newsflash preventive. July, 2008. http://www.yalegriffinprc.org/downloads/newsflash/Newsflash_7.08.pdf. Accessed on 31/03/2009.

^ Kahn, Sam (November 29 2004). "Pill may supplement fruits, vegetables." German Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/articles/view/12439. Accessed on 31/03/2009.

Ab ↑ Houston MC, Cooil B, Olafsson BJ, Raggi P. (2007). "Juice powder concentrate and systemic blood pressure, the progression of artery calcium coronary and antioxidant status in hypertensive patients: a pilot study "(pdf) ECAM four (4): 455 doi ..: ... 10.1093/ecam/nel108 PMID 18227913 2176151 http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/ PMC cgi/reprint/nel108v1.

^ "Juice Plus homepage Children's Research Foundation." National Safety Associates. http://www.childrensresearch.org. Accessed 15/10/2006.

^ "Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation." Guidestar.org. Http: / / www2.guidestar.org/ReportNonProfit.aspx? Ein = 62-1797852 & Mode = & lid = 746180 NonGx & dl = True. Retrieved 08/21/2009.

^ Pdf "IRS990 2008: Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation." United States Department of Revenue Service Internal Treasury. February 6, 2009. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2008/621/797/2008-621797852-04d74810-9.pdf = pdf. Retrieved on 2009-21-15.

^ Barrett, Stephen. "The questionable research by the Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation." MLM Watch. http://www.mlmwatch.org/04C/NSA/crf.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-05.

^ Barrett, Stephen. "Questionable Organizations: An Overview." QuackWatch. http://www.quackwatch.com/04ConsumerEducation/nonrecorg.html. Accessed 09/21/2009.

External Links

Juice Plus - official website

Juice Plus + - Japan's official website

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